Input

ANGSD currently supports various input formats

<classdiagram type="dir:LR"> [sequence data|BAM;CRAM;mpileup{bg:orange}]-[genotype;likelihoods|VCF;GLF;beagle{bg:orange}] [genotype;likelihoods|VCF;GLF;beagle{bg:orange}]-[genotype;probability|beagle{bg:orange}] </classdiagram>

Below is a short description of those we believe is of most use. Note that CRAM files are used interchangeably as BAM files. So use -bam for supplying both a CRAM list or BAM list or both.

Sequence data (BAM/CRAM/mpileup)

BAM/CRAM

ANGSD accepts BAM/CRAM files for mapped sequences and both are handled using the same -bam option. For information on the file specification and file creation see the samtools website [1]. These are required do be sorted according to reference. To see the options for BAM/CRAM use the command:

./angsd -bam

	-> angsd version: 0.910-14-g5e2711f (htslib: 1.2.1-252-ga2656aa) build(Dec  4 2015 10:40:24)
	-> Analysis helpbox/synopsis information:
	-> Command: 
./angsd -bam 
	-> angsd version: 0.910-14-g5e2711f (htslib: 1.2.1-252-ga2656aa) build(Dec  4 2015 10:40:28)
	-> Fri Dec  4 10:43:27 2015
---------------
parseArgs_bambi.cpp: bam reader:
	-r		(null)	Supply a single region in commandline (see examples below)
	-rf		(null)	Supply multiple regions in a file (see examples below)
	-remove_bads	1	Discard 'bad' reads, (flag >=256) 
	-uniqueOnly	0	Discards reads that doesn't map uniquely
	-show		0	Mimic 'samtools mpileup' also supply -ref fasta for printing reference column
	-minMapQ	0	Discard reads with mapping quality below
	-minQ		13	Discard bases with base quality below
	-trim		0	Number of based to discard at both ends of the reads
	-only_proper_pairs	1	Only use reads where the mate could be mapped
	-C		0	adjust mapQ for excessive mismatches (as SAMtools), supply -ref
	-baq		0	adjust qscores around indels (as SAMtools), supply -ref
	-if		2	include flags for each read
	-df		4	discard flags for each read
	-checkBamHeaders	1	Exit if difference in BAM headers
	-doCheck	1	Keep going even if datafile is not suffixed with .bam/.cram
	-downSample	0.000000	Downsample to the fraction of original data
	-minChunkSize	250	Minimum size of chunk sent to analyses

Examples for region specification:
		chr:		Use entire chromosome: chr
		chr:start-	Use region from start to end of chr
		chr:-stop	Use region from beginning of chromosome: chr to stop
		chr:start-stop	Use region from start to stop from chromosome: chr
		chr:site	Use single site on chromosome: chr
Will include read if:
	includeflag:[2] (beta)each segment properly aligned according to the aligner, 
Will discard read if:
	discardflag:[4] (beta)segment unmapped, 

Example

Example of estimating allele frequencies from bam files

./angsd -out out -doMaf 2 -bam bam.filelist -doMajorMinor 1 -GL 1 -P 5

Arguments

-bam [filelist]

-b [filelist]

The filelist is a file containing the full path for each bam file with one filename per row.

filelist with 6 individuals

/home/software/angsd/test/smallBam/smallNA12763.bam
/home/software/angsd/test/smallBam/smallNA11830.bam
/home/software/angsd/test/smallBam/smallNA12004.bam
/home/software/angsd/test/smallBam/smallNA06985.bam
/home/software/angsd/test/smallBam/smallNA11993.bam
/home/software/angsd/test/smallBam/smallNA12761.bam

-r [region]

Specify a region with in a chromosome using the syntax [chr]:[start-stop]. examples

chr1:1-10000             \\ first 10000 based for chr1
chr2:50000-              \\chr2 but exclude the first 50000 bases
chr11:1-                 \\all of chr11
chr11:                   \\all of chr11
chr7:123456              \\position 123456 of chr7

-rf [region file]

Specify multiple regions in a file using the same syntax as -r

-remove_bads [int]=1

Same as the samtools flags -x which removes read with a flag above 255 (not primary, failure and duplicate reads). 0 no , 1 remove (default).

-uniqueOnly [int]=0

Remove reads that have multiple best hits. 0 no (default), 1 remove.

-minMapQ [int]=0

Minimum mapQ quality.

-trim [int]=0

Number of bases to remove from both ends of the read.

-only_proper_pairs [int]=1

Include only proper pairs (pairs of read with both mates mapped correctly). 1: include only proper (default), 0: use all reads. If your data is not paired end you have to choose 1.

-C [int] =0

Adjust mapQ for excessive mismatches (as SAMtools), supply -ref.

-baq [int]=0

Perform BAQ computation, remember to cite the| BAQ paper for this. 0: No BAQ calcualtion

1:standard BAQ (will downgrade scores).

2:extended BAQ (might also upgrade scores).

You will need to supply your reference (-ref) for BAQ options.

-checkBamHeaders [int]=1

Exits if the headers are not compatible for all files. 0 no , 1 remove (default). Not performing this check is not advisable

-downSample [float]=0

Randomly remove reads to downsample your data. 0.25 will on average keep 25% of the reads

-minChunkSize [int]=250

Minimum number of sites to read in before starting to analyze - larger number will use more RAM

Pileup files

Pileup files are the output files that are generated by SAMtools mpileup.

../angsd/angsd -pileup

	-> angsd version: 0.910-20-g553b991 (htslib: 1.2.1-192-ge7e2b3d) build(Dec  4 2015 12:17:14)
	-> Analysis helpbox/synopsis information:
	-> Command: 
../angsd/angsd -pileup 	-> Fri Dec  4 12:17:53 2015
----------------
multiReader.cpp:
	-nLines	50	(Number of lines to read)
	-bpl	33554432 (bytesPerLine)
	-beagle	(null)	(Beagle Filename (can be .gz))
	-vcf-GL	(null)	(vcf Filename (can be .gz))
	-vcf-GP	(null)	(vcf Filename (can be .gz))
	-glf	(null)	(glf Filename (can be .gz))
	-pileup	(null)	(pileup Filename (can be .gz))
	-intName 1	(Assume First column is chr_position)
	-isSim	0	(Simulated data assumes ancestral is A)
	-nInd	0		(Number of individuals)
	-minQ	13	(minimum base quality; only used in pileupreader)
----------------
multiReader.cpp:

Example

./angsd -pileup sam.mpileup -nInd 10 -fai hg19.fa.gz.fai

Arguments

-pileup [filename]

name of the pileup file.

A pileup file

1	13999999	N	3	ggg	I<B	2	Gg	FF	2	Gg	F7	6	ggGgGg	DBA@=2
1	14000000	N	3	ggg	8EG	2	Gg	BF	1	G	B	7	ggGgGgg	C>B=?:<
1	14000001	N	2	gg	<@	2	Gg	AC	2	Gg	:<	7	ggGgGgg	DBB?832
1	14000002	N	0			2	Cc	C1	1	C	B	7	ccCcCcc	=;A7485
1	14000003	N	2	gg	</	2	Gg	<I	2	Gg	</	7	ggGgGgg	C<;A84.
1	14000004	N	3	aaa	6C=	2	Aa	A9	2	Aa	BB	7	aaAaAaa	CBA7951
1	14000005	N	2	cc	4;	2	Cc	CC	2	Cc	@@	7	ccCcCcc	CBAB930
1	14000006	N	3	aaa	A9>	2	Aa	E<	2	Aa	;C	7	aa$AaAaa	D>BC6;:
1	14000007	N	3	ggg	43>	2	Gg	BI	2	Gg	D@	6	gGgGgg	BB?A.7
1	14000008	N	3	aaa	776	3	Aa^/A	:<?	2	Aa	BC	6	aAaAaa	D>C;:5
1	14000009	N	2	gg	96	3	GgG	BFD	2	Gg	A<	6	gGgGgg	CCA882
1	14000010	N	2	cc	54	3	CcC	>;A	2	Cc	A:	4	cCcC	=A69
1	14000011	N	2	gg	:0	3	GgG	9I<	2	Gg	<A	6	gGgGgg	C6A864
1	14000012	N	3	aaa	>F?	3	AaA	?<?	2	Aa	BC	5	aAaAa	D>B99
1	14000013	N	3	ggg	2==	3	GgG	AHD	2	Gg	EA	6	gGgGgg	C;A@63
1	14000014	N	3	aaa	8.6	3	AaA	?8A	2	Aa	2C	6	aAaAaa	C3A88<
1	14000015	N	2	cc	CD	3	CcC	CEB	2	Cc	?=	6	cCcCcc	D4<:=<
1	14000016	N	1	t	5	3	TtT	BGC	2	Tt	C@	6	tT$tTtt	C38A9>
1	14000017	N	3	ccc	17J	3	CcC	BB3	2	Cc	B7	5	ccCcc	D::B?
1	14000018	N	3	ccc	.:.	3	CcC	B:B	2	Cc	2;	5	ccCcc	<9956

-nInd [int]

Number of individuals must be specified.

-fai [filename]

The index to the reference genome.

-bpl [int]=33554432

maximum bytes per line. Increase if the pileup has many individuals.

-nLines [int]=50

Number of lines to read at a time. Increasing this number will affect the RAM use.

-minQ [int]=0

Minimum base quality score.

Tutorial

Various softwares can generate pileup format but the most used one is samtools

samtools mpileup -b bam.filelist > sam.mpileup

if you can then use it as input to angsd

./angsd -pileup sam.mpileup -nInd 10 -fai hg19.fa.gz.fai -domaf 1 -domajorminor 1 -gl 1

Genotype Likelihood Files

-glf

A simple format for genotype likelihoods: Every genotype likelihood is saved as binary double log scaled. In the following order. AA,AC,AG,AT,... for each individual

-glf [filename]

NB and remember to supply a -fai file and number of individuals with -nInd

This is the format used by supersim subprogram and the -doglf 1 option in angsd

VCF files

VCF file as input is now included but with some limitiations. Only chr,pos,ref,alt and gp/gl tags are being used, and we discard indels and non diallelic sites. Futhermore you are required to include a fai file and the number of individuals.

#for using GL tags
./angsd -vcf-gl ../1000g/ref.r1274.vcf -fai fai.fai -nind 181 -domaf 1 -out two
#for using GP tags
./angsd -vcf-gp ../1000g/ref.r1274.vcf -fai fai.fai -nind 181 -domaf 1 -out two

NB The 4.2 version of the vcf specifiation clarifies that GP should be phred scaled post probs of the genotypes. But it seems that most software is using non-phred scale. So ANGSD uses the raw GP value. The GL tag is interpreted as log10.

NB you are required to supply a fai file. Otherwise the program will give a warning (this will be changed in future versions).

Genotype Probability Files

Genotype probabilities in gz beagle format can be used as input. The format used is the haplotype imputation format outputted from beagle [2]. A newer version of beagle uses VCF files.

./angsd -beagle

	-> angsd version: 0.910-20-g553b991 (htslib: 1.2.1-192-ge7e2b3d) build(Dec  4 2015 12:17:14)
	-> Analysis helpbox/synopsis information:
	-> Command: 
./angsd -beagle 	-> Fri Dec  4 14:03:22 2015
----------------
multiReader.cpp:
	-nLines	50	(Number of lines to read)
	-bpl	33554432 (bytesPerLine)
	-beagle	(null)	(Beagle Filename (can be .gz))
	-vcf-GL	(null)	(vcf Filename (can be .gz))
	-vcf-GP	(null)	(vcf Filename (can be .gz))
	-glf	(null)	(glf Filename (can be .gz))
	-pileup	(null)	(pileup Filename (can be .gz))
	-intName 1	(Assume First column is chr_position)
	-isSim	0	(Simulated data assumes ancestral is A)
	-nInd	0		(Number of individuals)
	-minQ	13	(minimum base quality; only used in pileupreader)
----------------
multiReader.cpp:

Example

Example of estimating allele frequencies from beagle files

./angsd -out out -doMaf 4 -beagle file.beagle.gprobs.gz -fai ref.fai

Arguments

-beagle [fileName]

beagle file name. The file must be gzipped. The file format is a single line per site. The first 3 coloums are

• markerName
• alleleA
• alleleB

For each individual 3 columns are added. These three columns should sum to one.

file with two individuals

marker alleleA alleleB NA06984 NA06984 NA06984 NA06986 NA06986 NA06986
chr9_95759065 G A 0.6563 0.3078 0.0358 0.5357 0.4016 0.0627
chr9_95759152 C A 1 0 0 0 1 0
chr9_95762332 G A 0.925 0.0734 0.0015 0.894 0.1031 0.0029
chr9_95762333 A T 0.8903 0.1067 0.003 0.811 0.1797 0.0093
chr9_95762343 G T 0.9149 0.0835 0.0017 0.8396 0.1541 0.0064

-intName [int]=1

default 1. If the SNP name are written as chr_position this information will be parsed. If the SNP name is in another format then use -intName 0.

-fai [filename]

The index to the reference genome

can also be obtained from the bam header

samtools view -H  file.bam | grep SN |cut -f2,3 | sed 's/SN\://g' |  sed 's/LN\://g' > ref.fai

-bpl [int]=33554432

maximum bytes per line. Increase if the pileup has many individuals

-nLines [int]=50

Number of lines to read at a time. Increasing this number will affect the RAM use